The notes within this section of the website are of a very basic level sufficient for mechanical engineers to understand the principles involved.  For detailed information please refer to relevant hard copy sources.  Detailed information is also available using the internet links provided at the foot of this page.

The physical phenomena arising from the behaviour of electrons and protons that is caused by the attraction of particles with opposite charges and the repulsion of particles with the same charge.

Form of energy associated with the elementary charged particles (electrons, protons etc) and on the bodies containing them.